Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Oxyhemoglobin

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Myoglobin

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

Myohemerythrin

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Lac Repressor

Induced Lac Repressor

Ribonuclease S

A-DNA

Hemoglobin (1000)

B-DNA

Trypsin

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Lysozyme (488)

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

Crambin

Collagen

Lysozyme (512)

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

DNA

Carboxypeptidase A

Deoxyhemoglobin

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Cytochrome c

Z-DNA

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin S

Cytochrome c (unbound)

Myoglobin Fold

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Coronavirus Life Cycle

HIV in Blood Plasma

Immunological Synapse

Respiratory Droplet

CytoSkeleton

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Kinetochore

Biosites: Muscle

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Insulin Release

Autophagy

Measles Virus Proteins

Escherichia coli

Abiogenesis

Chloroplast

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Biosites: Nucleus

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Myelin

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Insulin Action

RecA and DNA

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Biosites: Blood Plasma

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Coronavirus

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Zika Virus

Cellulose Synthase

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

HIV-Infected Cell

Influenza Vaccine

Escherichia coli Bacterium

HIV Vaccine

Biosites: Cytoplasm

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Poliovirus Neutralization

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Mycoplasma mycoides

Last Universal Common Ancestor

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Ebola Virus

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Influenza Virus

Lipid Droplets

Blood

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Biosites: Basement Membrane