Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Lysozyme (512)

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Myohemerythrin

Deoxyhemoglobin

Carboxypeptidase A

Oxyhemoglobin

Cytochrome c

Myoglobin

Ribonuclease S

Collagen

Hemoglobin

B-DNA

Lysozyme (488)

Cytochrome c (unbound)

Crambin

Z-DNA

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

A-DNA

Hemoglobin S

DNA

Lac Repressor

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Induced Lac Repressor

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Trypsin

Hemoglobin (1000)

Myoglobin Fold

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Escherichia coli

HIV in Blood Plasma

Influenza Virus

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Autophagy

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Abiogenesis

CytoSkeleton

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

HIV-Infected Cell

Biosites: Cytoplasm

Zika Virus

Mycoplasma mycoides

Biosites: Muscle

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Poliovirus Neutralization

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Kinetochore

Insulin Action

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Coronavirus

Lipid Droplets

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Myelin

Coronavirus Life Cycle

Biosites: Nucleus

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Cellulose Synthase

HIV Vaccine

Immunological Synapse

Ebola Virus

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Biosites: Blood Plasma

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Respiratory Droplet

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Influenza Vaccine

Blood

Measles Virus Proteins

Insulin Release

RecA and DNA

Chloroplast

Escherichia coli Bacterium