Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Hemoglobin

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

A-DNA

Ribonuclease S

Deoxyhemoglobin

Lysozyme (488)

Myohemerythrin

Hemoglobin S

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Cytochrome c (unbound)

B-DNA

Trypsin

Cytochrome c

Oxyhemoglobin

Crambin

DNA

Myoglobin Fold

Lysozyme (512)

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Myoglobin

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Lac Repressor

Collagen

Induced Lac Repressor

Z-DNA

Hemoglobin (1000)

Carboxypeptidase A

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Zika Virus

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Biosites: Muscle

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Poliovirus Neutralization

Respiratory Droplet

Mycoplasma mycoides

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Coronavirus Life Cycle

Cellulose Synthase

Lipid Droplets

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Blood

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Insulin Release

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Insulin Action

Biosites: Nucleus

Coronavirus

Measles Virus Proteins

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Escherichia coli Bacterium

Influenza Vaccine

Biosites: Cytoplasm

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Biosites: Blood Plasma

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Abiogenesis

HIV Vaccine

Chloroplast

HIV-Infected Cell

Immunological Synapse

Myelin

Kinetochore

Influenza Virus

RecA and DNA

Autophagy

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Ebola Virus

Escherichia coli

HIV in Blood Plasma

CytoSkeleton