Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Carboxypeptidase A

A-DNA

Lysozyme (488)

Induced Lac Repressor

Hemoglobin (1000)

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Ribonuclease S

Myoglobin

DNA

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

Trypsin

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Deoxyhemoglobin

Collagen

Myohemerythrin

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Crambin

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

Hemoglobin S

Myoglobin Fold

Lysozyme (512)

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

Cytochrome c

Z-DNA

Hemoglobin

Lac Repressor

Cytochrome c (unbound)

B-DNA

Oxyhemoglobin

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Biosites: Cytoplasm

Poliovirus Neutralization

Ebola Virus

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Biosites: Blood Plasma

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

RecA and DNA

CytoSkeleton

Zika Virus

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Influenza Vaccine

HIV-Infected Cell

Influenza Virus

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Biosites: Nucleus

Coronavirus Life Cycle

Measles Virus Proteins

Immunological Synapse

Insulin Action

Insulin Release

Cellulose Synthase

Blood

HIV in Blood Plasma

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Lipid Droplets

Escherichia coli

Biosites: Muscle

Kinetochore

Chloroplast

Myelin

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Autophagy

Escherichia coli Bacterium

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

HIV Vaccine

Abiogenesis

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Respiratory Droplet

Mycoplasma mycoides

Coronavirus