Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Cytochrome c (unbound)

Collagen

Trypsin

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Oxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin (1000)

Myoglobin

Crambin

Lysozyme (488)

Ribonuclease S

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

DNA

Myoglobin Fold

Carboxypeptidase A

Cytochrome c

Deoxyhemoglobin

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Lac Repressor

A-DNA

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin S

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Z-DNA

Induced Lac Repressor

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

Myohemerythrin

B-DNA

Lysozyme (512)

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Blood

Influenza Virus

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Insulin Action

Poliovirus Neutralization

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

Measles Virus Proteins

HIV-Infected Cell

Abiogenesis

Biosites: Cytoplasm

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Chloroplast

Lipid Droplets

Coronavirus

Escherichia coli

HIV Vaccine

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Mycoplasma mycoides

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

HIV in Blood Plasma

Autophagy

Myelin

Immunological Synapse

CytoSkeleton

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Escherichia coli Bacterium

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Coronavirus Life Cycle

Insulin Release

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

RecA and DNA

Respiratory Droplet

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Kinetochore

Biosites: Nucleus

Zika Virus

Biosites: Blood Plasma

Biosites: Muscle

Ebola Virus

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Influenza Vaccine

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

Cellulose Synthase