Molecule of the Month
August 2026

Histone Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination Complexes

Enzymes that add and remove marks from chromosomes to keep gene regulation in balance

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Irving Geis (1908-1997) was a gifted artist who helped illuminate the field of structural biology with his iconic images. The Geis Digital Archive features many of his illustrations in the context of their molecular structures.

Images used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (www.hhmi.org). All rights reserved.

Deoxyhemoglobin

Cytochrome c

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

DPG-Hemoglobin Complex

Trypsin

Cytochrome c (unbound)

Hemoglobin

TATA-Binding Protein (TBP)

Lac Repressor

Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)

B-DNA

Intermolecular Contacts in Hemoglobin S

Myoglobin Fold

Ribonuclease S

Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (ATCase)

Crambin

Myohemerythrin

Lysozyme (488)

Z-DNA

Hemoglobin S

Collagen

Induced Lac Repressor

Myoglobin

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Carboxypeptidase A

Hemoglobin (1000)

Oxyhemoglobin

A-DNA

DNA

Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA)

Lysozyme (512)

The Molecular Landscapes by David S. Goodsell integrate information from structural biology, microscopy and biophysics to simulate detailed views of the molecular structure of living cells.

Illustrations are free for use under a CC-BY-4.0 license

Measles Virus Proteins

CytoSkeleton

Poliovirus Neutralization

Red Blood Cell Cytoskeleton

Insulin Action

Chloroplast

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) Signaling

Biosites: Muscle

Caulobacter Polar Microdomain

Escherichia coli

Bacteriophage T4 Infection

Biosites: Basement Membrane

Biosites: Cytoplasm

HIV Vaccine

HIV-Infected Cell

Immunological Synapse

Abiogenesis

Model of a Mycoplasma Cell

Kinetochore

Ebola Virus

Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses

JCVI-syn3A Minimal Cell

Escherichia coli Bacterium

Coronavirus Life Cycle

RecA and DNA

Autophagy

Coronavirus

Zika Virus

Biosites: Red Blood Cell

Biosites: Blood Plasma

Phage-based COVID-19 Vaccine

Respiratory Droplet

Influenza Virus

Insulin Release

Blood

Biosites: Nucleus

Lipid Droplets

Collagen and Extracellular Matrix

Myoglobin in a Whale Muscle Cell

Myelin

Casein Micelle and Fat Globule in Milk

SARS-CoV-2 and Neutralizing Antibodies

Transfer RNA and Gag Protein

SARS-CoV-2 Fusion

Influenza Vaccine

Cellulose Synthase

HIV in Blood Plasma

Last Universal Common Ancestor

Mycoplasma mycoides